Article 2

Metaphysics for the 21st Century

Location of Comprehension

































Pre-Existing Potential

SCIENCE OF SPIRIT
A human now has an ability to comprehend a reflective awareness of awareness or an advanced second reality as well as at least intellectually comprehending a third reality paradigm shift which includes a human’s transcendent aspect justifying a pre-existing potential. A human being is now able to practice change or replacement of old habits with new habits that better serve the individual and his or her world.

James P. Pottenger

ARTICLE 2

FIXED SUBJECT/OBJECT CONCEPTUAL DEFINITIONS AND
THE PROCESS LANGUAGE MODEL
OF CHANGE

This article is about a new human being that has been discovered by synthesizing the three sciences of the physical, mental and spiritual nature of our universe.

Humans have been killing humans since before written history began. It is rational to speculate that even before written history there were groups of humans that for protective purposes formed groups and chose leaders that were strong enough to make the rules.

Evidence verifies that these early groups formed tribes that later formed villages before kingdoms that later formed nations. All of these later populations became known as civilizations which split into two “story teller” groups.

The first of these two groups became known as the “secular” and the second became known as the “sacred”.

It is easy to see how this happened as we study the early stories (myths) that separated the gods from the humans.

As the secular developed into rulers called kings and queens, the sacred was developing its rulers called prophets and priests.

The secular ruler justified his or her rule by receiving blessings from the clergy which gave the rulers special ordained rights from the gods to rule the earth. As the secular rulers developed an ever stronger military and rules and regulations governing the state, the sacred clergy developed an ever stronger theology of rituals and ceremonies justifying both a human’s current life and its origin as well as the requirements for a safe journey into an afterlife upon one’s death.

Anthropologists and historians tell us that these developments all started with stories that were oral at first and were later written as the “myths” of every culture. At this time in history, myths were reality.

An interesting phenomenon seems to have taken place as history evolved. We find a group of people that start to question a culture’s myths that will become known as “philosophers”.

Over time the rules and regulations of these two groups hardened into “laws” with the knowledge of the secular answering philosophical questions about the physical world as “sciences” and the sacred answering questions about the non-physical world by prophets’ “revelations” that became their scriptures of “truth”.

Our written history tells us that early myths prevailed until about three thousand years ago. At that time in history, about 1,000 BC, philosophers began challenging myths with the secular translated into “laws” of the state and the sacred translated into “laws” of religion with each culture justifying both sets of “laws”.

As history evolved to the present time we find that the secular has been developing stronger and stronger military forces as well as scientific research of the physical world.

While the secular was evolving so also was the sacred, with the clergy establishing what will become known as “orthodox” systems (divine truths) for its followers.

About three hundred years ago the physical sciences started developing what will later be known as “world views” or “cosmologies”. The first sciences of these cosmologies will be chemistry, biology, astronomy and physics before they branch out into other fields of inquiry.

A similar explosive process was taking place in the sacred population. Orthodox systems were being challenged by philosophers and/or theologians about the nature of humans and why humans were created.

General populations began to study ancient writings from both the East and the West that were now available because printing and literacy made such analysis possible. Remember, before this period (for over a thousand years) the general population was unable to read or write.

These ancient writings of both East and West have research about cosmologies that had not been read for hundreds of years. This research questioned the cosmologies of the orthodox clergy of every culture.
These challenges produced what became known as the “Reformation” and the “Renaissance”.

Humans started accepting new philosophies to base their lives on. About one hundred and fifty years ago Eastern and Western “mystic” teachings about a Transcendent Aspect of human nature were researched in the West. These were teachings out of Egypt like the Hermetic Teachings, the Upanishads and the Vedanta out of India, the Kabala out of Israel and the Transcendental writings in America.

At the turn of the twentieth century the physical science of physics exploded with a small number of researchers discovering nuclear physics with the help of modern technology. They were discovering that matter was not the solid substance that “atoms” had been assumed to be for centuries. They were discovering that matter was also energy (E=mc2).

In other words, matter was capable of being either visible material named “matter” or invisible “energy”.

Simultaneously to this explosive discovery in physics there were discoveries taking place into the nature of a human being which became known as “psychology”.

The first research, as a science, was about the physical nature of a human being and began as “Physiological Psychology” and later as “Behavioristic Psychology”.

This research studied a human’s behavior and what caused it. Why do humans do what they do? This science was made possible, at first, without challenge from religions because it was considered a secular science and therefore was of no interest to the clergy.

However, this all changed as behavioristic writings using a materialistic cosmology in which the human being was a body with a brain that lived and died like every other living species, challenged religion’s “soul”.

Freud added his writings of “Psychoanalysis” to the Behavioristic model of cause and effect of one’s brain with the addition of a past conditioning that becomes hidden in one’s unconscious within one’s brain.

Charles Darwin in 1859 published his On The Origin of Species that rocked the intellectual world, both secular and sacred. Darwin’s theory of evolution brought the origin of nature’s species as well as that of humans within the natural sciences.

A new science was formed, a new cosmology defined, and a new world view opened to humans in which they could act with a freedom and effectiveness never before possible.

The sacred population had given to humans a sense of the spiritual for millennia with cosmic meaning. This new universe of Darwin was a machine, a self-contained mechanism of force and matter, devoid of goals or purpose with no intelligence or consciousness to be found in matter.

It is during this same one hundred and fifty year period that another population is researching the newly published writings of the “Transcendent Aspect” of a human being that will become known as “New Thought” (Theosophy, Science Of Mind, Unity, Christian Science, Divine Science, Spiritualism, to name a few).

As we move into the twenty-first century it seems as if we are building libraries of data that are justified by an increasing number of cosmologies or world views as well as ontologies (nature of being or personal identity).

With this awesome mix of the East and West it would appear as if there is no way to resolve this ever-increasing number of speculations.

Into this confusion of Orthodox versus New Thought, East versus West, etc. came a group of people that were able to use the vast research of the multiple psychological schools, and recognizing the fact that each school used a different cosmology, it was discovered that a synthesis or structure could be formed that justified every question and answer of humans for the past ten thousand years.

These discoveries were made possible by utilizing a number of research areas that are as recent as the last hundred years, with some that are less than fifty years old.

It is research of the human being that was made possible only after earlier research was available in both the philosophies of the sciences and religions of the world, East and West.
Quantum physics and the psychological schools were synthesized in this research which deals with both the Transcendent Aspect of a human being as well as the immanent or particular aspects. It is a synthesis of the science of matter, the science of mind and the science of spirit. Included is the science of anthropology and linguistics (the nature of language models, belief-systems, world views and the realities they justify). 

We have called this synthesis “Holographic Psychology” (HP) for those with a secular persuasion, and “Science Of Spirit” (SOS) for those with a sacred persuasion. The principles are the same.

We show a unique wisdom or a “Second Reality” of different cosmologies after a human is capable of separating his or her language use from the reality it is describing.

Prior to one’s second reality capability humans assume that they are perceiving an outside world or first reality. We also show a third reality that can be discovered after one is capable of testing his or her second reality.

These three realities become one reality with steps or stages when comprehended. HP/SOS (Holographic Psychology or Science of Spirit) uses both the subject/object language model for early levels of evaluation and a process language model for advanced levels of evaluation when describing human levels of understanding.

When a conceptual subject like “spirituality” is being questioned in a human’s first reality level of understanding, it is normal to use the subject/object language model when presenting a different thesis or different theories that are definitions which can be pinned down and critically dissected.

Later in this article HP/SOS will explain when, why and how a human being begins his/her “knowledge bank” of what is known about reality, which starts with a first reality subject/object language of she, he or it when describing one’s world of person, place or thing.

First reality uses concepts that are named objects or nouns, adding verbs and adjectives. First reality is a language of definitions, signs or symbols that humans use when describing realities.

First reality humans are outer oriented and label things in their world with words. Words become symbols that represent the things. In first reality this translates into believing that “thoughts are things”.

In ancient times these different names or definitions became the myths or stories that explained reality long before humans began formulating philosophies that questioned these myths. Long before Plato and Aristotle, humans began forming structured systems of philosophies explaining different realities that continue today to be believed by millions (such as creation stories, the nature of gods, goddesses and humans).

After one accepts his or her philosophical definitions of reality, his or her definitions become beliefs within his or her belief-system. As beliefs, his or her definitions are acceptances of his/her world view (cosmology).

As long as s/he operates from his or her philosophical acceptances (definitions) his or her behavior will psychologically correspond to his or her philosophical acceptances as if they were the true or real world. In other words, his or her psychological behavior will be a result of what has been accepted philosophically.

The two basic philosophical realities of first reality are monism versus dualism and/or pluralism. These break down in monism as:

1. Materialism (all substance is matter).
2. Idealism (all substance is non-matter).

The many cosmologies of dualism and/or pluralism are a mix of materialism and idealism that when using subject/object language are based on the pair of opposites (good or evil, sick or well, rich or poor, happy or sad, God or devil, alive or dead, finite or divine, matter or spirit, creation or evolution, to name a few).

The many cosmologies of idealism using subject/object language are a mix of definitions that are based on the nature of substance being all mind, spirit, multiple universes, multiple dimensions, multiple levels, etc.

It is this almost infinite number of possible universes that fill our libraries with differing world views (cosmologies) and differing personal identities (ontologies).
It is these differing cosmologies and/or ontologies that have been the bases for cultural and personal wars and arguments for centuries.

HP/SOS takes us beyond the subject/object language disputes by exposing a second reality. It is the discovery of different levels of understanding that exposes a correspondence between one’s philosophical cosmology definitions and the psychological behavior that is produced by one’s philosophical acceptances (both cosmological and ontological).

HP/SOS shows us why centuries of warfare (cultural and personal) are a result of a human’s first reality level of understanding when using subject/object language of person, place or thing. As previously stated, whole libraries are filled with books of different philosophical cosmologies (world views) and ontologies (nature of being or personal identities).

In first reality, individuals are motivated to favor one cosmology (world view) or ontology (individual identity) over another that for countless centuries has produced human behavior.

The secular and sacred authorities of first reality make the rules and regulations to be followed.

This all changed in the twentieth century
with the discovery of HP/SOS.

For the first time in human history a philosophical system (HP/SOS) utilized the massive research of the many psychological schools and was able to show why the different psychological schools were based on different philosophical cosmology systems justifying each psychological school and the human researched.

The first school was Behaviorism, that as a first reality level of understanding is based on a cosmology of materialistic monism. This also philosophically justifies a human who is only a body with a brain producing a physical science of “reductionism”. All studies start with the brain as the source of behavior.

First reality humans are conditioned machines that use cause and effect or stimulus/response to explain behavior. A human’s brain is conditioned by its environment which makes all human behavior a result of the brain’s conditioning.
This makes humans victims
of their past and present environment.

A second psychological school was founded by Sigmund Freud researching a human’s unconscious which he named “psychoanalysis”. He placed a human’s unconscious in the brain in which current conditioning can be repressed into one’s unconsciousness until replaced. Today this unconsciousness is often named a person’s “wounded child”.

Psychoanalysis still uses the behavioristic method of cause and effect with the past added to present conditioning which causes a human’s struggles. By finding the cause or conditioning, you can remove the effect it is causing. In theory this sounds very rational when using the philosophical system based on a “material-only” cosmology.

Just think, if we add reincarnation to our philosophical system we can have infinite regress of conditioned brains to probe trying to find a former brain to blame for one’s conditioning (present and multiple pasts).

Very nice for the therapist’s bank account.
There is now an alternative to these two early psychological schools. The new school started in 1960 by a group of psychologists that named their school “Humanistic Psychology”.

HP/SOS recognizes this important psychological school as the discovery of what philosophy has always named “humanism”.

Humanism is known also as secular humanism and is a total shift from both Behaviorism and Psychoanalysis.

In humanism, the human being is the center of focus with the motivation to actualize human potentials. This philosophical system has been researched since philosophical questioning began.

Research by giants like Maslow has become the basis of countless self-help systems of humans waking up to their awesome potentials.

Spiritually-based organizations, often recognized as “New Thought”, also help humans awaken to their awesome potentials.

In second reality, the total turn around is the birth of a self, I, ego or person with the reflective ability to witness his or her current conditioning and choose to replace it with a more acceptable conditioning.

Most of the many self-help systems state: “that you create your world”.

What a change! Humans go from a first reality victim
to a second reality cause of their own destiny.

HP/SOS explains this change as another level of understanding (a second reality) that not only produces a different behavior but this new level of understanding also produces a capability of a person comprehending why and how his or her philosophical cosmology and ontology produces his or her behavior.

This new capability of being responsible for one’s own conditioning along with the empowerment to replace unwanted conditioning with more desirable conditioning requires a new language model which HP/SOS has named a “process language model”.

Examination of a process language model requires an active reflection process of refereeing by a self, I, person or ego that, as awareness of awareness, is capable of observing his or her current conditioning as a subjective evaluation of one’s current beliefs rather than the processing of external input.

In first reality, when believing that one’s brain is dealing directly with one’s world, the practicing of change would be practicing a lie since any practicing of change would have to be a challenge to one’s first reality definitions of acceptance about what one desires to change.

I am faced when desiring change with the following questions. I will name just a few of what the conditioning of one’s brain is capable of accepting and verifying in first and early second reality by living the conditioning of one’s brain as truth or reality:

I am sick or well.
I am rich or poor.
I am happy or sad.
I am wise or stupid.
I am beautiful or ugly.

Remember, in first and early second reality a body’s brain is conditioned to think that what one has accepted is what the actual world is that is being described by those acceptances or beliefs.

Second reality has two phases that awaken within a human being’s nature. HP/SOS exposes these two phases as an early second reality and an advanced second reality.

The early second reality person begins questioning his or her current definitions about themselves and their world that they had accepted in first reality. They are simply motivated to desire change in their world and are guided to find a self-help system or teacher (sacred or secular) to help cause the desired change.

The advanced second reality person has had a paradigm shift of location of comprehension (LOC). When one is motivated to change in advanced second reality one is now practicing a reflection capability. S/he is now relating to his/her conditioning with a new knowledge that change is an internal process of acceptance rather than a result that is externally caused.

How can I tell the difference?

Fantastic question. A first and early second reality human is motivated to change some area of his or her life that challenges his or her current acceptances, however, s/he will continue to “look to” external authorities and their methods of change to produce his or her desired change.

This early second reality human continues to be a human that “looks to” both the teachers (gurus) and their teachings that are external to the learner in order to cause the desired change. Remember, in first and early second reality belief-systems one learns from external sources to get “what” (knowledge) they (as an individual) are not.

In other words, both first and early second reality humans are challenging their current acceptances, however, they will continue to believe that learning is from external authorities and will use their methods to “cause” the changes they desire.

In dramatic contrast, the advanced second reality human has experienced a paradigm shift in which s/he has located within his or her self his/her belief-system (LOC). Learning is now realized as inner acceptances rather than a result of external causes.

It is one’s own beliefs that are located in one’s conditioned brain that are the bases of one’s behavior. Reactions are a result of inner acceptances, not from external people, places or things.

This newly acquired reflective capability changes everything from being an externally perceived world of person, place or thing, to an internal or subjective evaluated world that is constructed by one’s own belief-system or self-image.

This person no longer reacts to an external world but is now simultaneously responsible and empowered over his or her current beliefs that make up his or her current self-image (reality) that produces his/her behavior. This is not possible for an outer-oriented brain that is conditioned to believe that comprehension relates to an outside world.

This reflective self is a requirement of advanced second reality before one can practice conscious inner evaluation of one’s current beliefs rather than “knee-jerk” reactions to an outside world’s input when one still believes that it is the person, place or thing in one’s world that one is reacting to.

This birth of the reflective self is what makes self-image psychology a possible science for a now existing self’s belief-system of conditionings to observe.

Self-Image psychology (which started in 1960) names this human capability to choose one belief over another as the acceptances that form a person’s belief-system or self-image. It is one’s acceptances (beliefs) that are a person’s cosmology (world view) or ontology (personal identity) that produces his or her psychological behavior (often unconscious).

HP/SOS names this ability to choose options the ability to referee. The ability to reflect upon one’s current conditioning is named “location of comprehension” or LOC.

This dynamic is a process in which a human is now consciously participating in his or her own awareness of awareness. Input is analyzed as one’s own conditioning being related to as meaning and feeling.

This capability does not exist in first reality’s body with a brain in which all behavior is reduced to one’s brain and its conditioning that is blamed or credited as a result of the brain’s environment that caused the conditioning. In first reality there is no self to analyze.

The major difference that justifies HP/SOS’s early second reality and advanced second reality is that there exists in early second reality a person desiring change from self-help systems and the authority teaching them.

A reflective advanced second reality person desiring change has an awareness of awareness that is now both responsible and empowered to continue to accept one’s current conditioning or to replace one’s current conditioning with new options.

This refereeing of advanced second reality is a freedom that is totally new to a human being because when one switches from being the victim of one’s environment (first reality) to being the cause of one’s evaluated environment (second reality) one is now responsible for one’s own conditioning as belief acceptances that are replaceable with new options that are a process within one’s self.

How we feel about others is not being caused by the others after we locate that it is our own beliefs that are determining our responses and not the others. It is this reflective awareness that justifies one’s responsibility in how we respond to input from our world. It is this responsibility that justifies empowerment to choose options of feeling and meaning that, as beliefs, have always produced our behavior.

A decision-making empowerment has been born.

Instead of being a victim to one’s own beliefs (that in first reality it is believed that one’s world is causing one’s reactions), in advanced second reality a human becomes master of his or her own belief-system and its consequences.

WOW, that is certainly a new human being.

But wait, we have just begun to expose the awesome discoveries of HP/SOS.

This new experience of freedom, responsibility and empowerment of advanced second reality opens a human to another paradigm shift or a third reality which is another step or stage that awakens.

It is an amazing discovery after the location of the awesome potentials realized in both first and early second reality. It is the discovery of a human’s Transcendent Aspect of Being as Universal, as well as particular. A Universal aspect that is unlimited replaces a finite self with its conditioned limited beliefs.

HP/SOS names the push to start this journey of awakening to one’s levels of understanding “Spiritual DNA”. Philosophical researchers for many centuries have named this push behind creation as “God”, “Goddesses”, “archetypes”, “involution”, “teleology”, “intelligence”, “design”, to name a few that are the patterns producing the many worlds of evolution.

The awakening to an Infinite Transcendent pre-existing potential awaiting actualization produces a step or stage explaining why and how creativity and change continue to form a world in which we witness more and more complex manifestations.

As our self-image identity changes our scope of meaning and feeling from a limited finite being to an Unlimited Universal Being, we are now ready to utilize the benefits of every level we have awakened to and are using to live our lives.

HP/SOS names this next level “third reality” because it explains the steps or levels of first and second reality.

By understanding a Universal Ground Of Being or Universal Mind, we are now capable of comprehending the early steps or stages as an awakening process of an infinite or universal mind cosmology.

This also explains the importance of each step or level as we traveled from early myths or stories about reality in early stages of human awakening. The next step of challenging one’s culture’s myths as philosophy is born. The next step is science challenging the given, first in the physical world, second in the mental or psychological world, and third in the spiritual or transcendent world.

It is the psychological schools in the late twentieth century that became the science challenging the different philosophical cosmologies of personal and universal.

Philosophical systems are now realized as the basis for the evolution of psychology itself as the different schools exposed the level changes that can happen within each human being.

In first reality’s materialism a human is a body with a brain. The brain is conditioned by its environment. The past is studied by Psychoanalytic research and the present by Behavioristic Psychological research. Both schools use a human’s brain as a conditioned “victim” because both schools relate to a human’s brain as the source of change that is the result of external input.

In second reality’s mentalism there is an awakening to one’s self, I, ego or person. One’s world is now caused by one’s self, I, ego or person rather than by one’s environment. This begins one’s responsibility and empowerment to practice change that is studied by Humanistic Psychology research.

In third reality’s spiritual or transcendent orientation with the birth of an Infinite Ground Of Being or Universal Mind hypothesis, a source is realized that consciously requires participation in an unlimited nature pushing or motivating the practicing of actualization or change.

Transpersonal Psychology research began in 1970 to examine the importance of a human’s transcendence.

Acceptance-by-degree of third reality is realized as the cause and effect of second and first reality. Notice that a complete reversal has happened in advanced second reality in which cause now starts within the person rather than one’s environment being the cause.

As learning itself starts within a person the question of how we learn comes into question (epistemology). But, first reality will say, “all learning comes from one’s environment”. No, states second reality, “learning is created by the person”. Yes, states third reality, “you are both “right” at your level of function in which one operates when in different believed-in cosmologies”.

As third reality starts functioning as one’s source, the question of epistemology or the philosophy of the nature of our source of knowledge awakens to a total change from our early realities. We discover that how we know and what we know is an intuitive awakening. Outside teachers are facilitators.

In first and early second reality we assume that learning comes from teachers, books, and mentors that are external to the one learning. Advanced second reality and third reality, with its transcendent orientation, question this assumed fact of first and early second reality by asking the following questions:

1.What motivates one to ask any question in the first place?
2.What enables a human to comprehend both the question being asked and the answer given?
3.What enables a human to ask a question that challenges an answer that has been accepted?
4.How can an answer that has been accepted comprehend a new answer that challenges it?
5.In other words, how can current beliefs ask and answer new beliefs that contradict currently accepted beliefs?
6.Is it possible that learning is not from the outside environment of person, place or thing but is from an inside source that is not recognized in a first and early second reality’s brain?
7.Is it possible that learning is a realization of a pre-existing potential that awakens as a new reality within a human’s transcendent aspect?

The pre-existing potential of third reality explains where learning is located prior to its acceptance whether one is in first reality taking credit for one’s creations or in early second reality’s thinking that one is creating their creations.

Advanced second reality and third reality are aware that creations are a result of channeling because humans are now aware that they are links to a Universal Nature. It all works beautifully.

A third reality human is aware that when learning anything one is actually already practicing change. This practicing of change is a process of acceptance-by-degree of the desired change as excellence in the area being practiced is achieved. “We learn by doing”.

Think of prayer in every culture with thousands of names for their God or Goddesses that are worshipped with marvelous results.

Advanced second reality is awareness of the following:

I BELIEVE IN ___________.

Belief is in the believer and it is irrelevant what is placed on the “object” or “predicate” line. Third reality explains that ALL IS GOD, OR A UNIVERSAL GROUND OF BEING, and since belief is in the believer, “it is done unto you as you believe”, consciously or unconsciously regardless of the level of understanding being lived.

Left and right hemisphere research (which started in the late twentieth century) helps explain the difference between left hemisphere intellectual beliefs and right hemisphere experiential feelings of acceptance that demonstrate exciting manifestations.

It is this research that explains why one can practice change and have poor or no results while another can practice change and have marvelous results. Both seem to be practicing the same technique.

It is one’s advanced second reality level of understanding that locates one’s beliefs as being an interpreted world as a result of subjective evaluations (beliefs). Meaning and feeling do not deal with an actual external world that first reality perception assumes is being dealt with directly.

Understanding LOC is the end of humans trying to make other humans in the image and likeness of the ones trying to change others in their world. HP/SOS explains that this first and early second reality tendency is a result of one’s current conditioning believing that its beliefs should be everyone else’s beliefs.

This all stops as one awakens in advanced second reality to the subjectivity of beliefs as being neither the person themselves nor the other person attempting to be changed or cloned. Remember, beliefs are biases.

In other words, it is the end of cloning or trying to change others. HP/SOS is a breakthrough for humans as knowledge is realized as inner acceptance rather than outer caused.
The three steps or stages of HP/SOS are part of the awakening of an infinite nature that is consciously participating in the awakening process.

We can now understand the misinterpretation of many teachings of the East when they are making reference to the world as an “illusion”. It is not, as first and early second reality assume, that these teachings are referring to the actual world as an illusion.

It is in advanced second reality and in a third reality paradigm shift that: first, one locates comprehension as subjective, and second, one discovers one’s Universal Ground of Being that expresses as both universal and as a particular awaiting actualization.

The “illusion” is the result of first and early second reality’s mistaken belief that meaning and feeling deal with an external world of limited objects rather than the awakened awareness of awareness that humans are an extension of an Awakening Unlimited Potential that in early levels of understanding expresses as an “asleep” limiting scope that is determining one’s behavior. That is the illusion being referred to when our ontology is a belief in ourselves as a limited finite being that describes his/her world with a limiting finite scope.

It never is the world that is an illusion. It is our beliefs about ourselves and our world that are illusions when we believe that the world’s early levels of understanding are describing the actual world rather than our current beliefs about it.

This is why the inclusion of every culture and every person is important regardless of the path s/he is being motivated to express. All paths eventually lead to an awakening of the spiritual or transcendent nature of the universal SELF.

The mystics have said this for generations: Asleep in the mineral, awake in the vegetable, aware in the animal, self-aware in the human, and God aware in the Divine.

An early human being is no longer awakening to a spiritual or transcendent nature, what is actually happening is a spiritual or transcendent being begins its awakening process as a finite and limited human acceptance or belief-system.

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